A birth defect is a structural or functional abnormality present at birth that can cause physical disability, intellectual and developmental disability, and other health problems. Birth defects can be caused by genetic factors, environmental exposures, or a combination of both, though the specific cause is often unknown. They may affect how the body looks, works, or both, and can range from mild to severe in their impact on a child’s health and development.
Michael S. Porter
Eric C. Nordby